June-August 2005 (with a final summary of the project)

During the final three months of RIP's existence, the RIP staff managed to complete retrospective indexing of Biblica (1920-1939), Der Islam (1910-1939), and, for good measure, finished the brief run of Mennonite Life (1946-1948) and Mennonite Quarterly Review (1927-1932, 1935-1939); vols. 7-8, 1933-1934 of the latter title could not be obtained on short notice, hence the gap. RIP indexing for Biblica, Der Islam, Mennonite Quarterly Review, and Revue des sciences religieuses stops with 1939 or 1940 instead of the expected 1948. This pre-WWII cutoff date reflects the design behind efforts to obtain a grant to index retrospectively all of the remaining titles on the original RIP list from 1940 through 1948.

RIP indexing for these forty-seven titles is complete:

	American Catholic Sociological Review (1940-1949)
	Biblica (1920-1939)
	Biblical Archaeologist (1938-1948)
	Bibliotheca Sacra (1843-1855)
	Catholic Biblical Quarterly (1939-1948)
	Christian Century (1917 [partial], 1918 [partial], 1919, 1940-1948)
	Christian Oracle (1884 [four issues])
	Church History (1932-1948)
	Commentary (1945-1948)
	Covenant Quarterly (1941-1948)
	Dansk teologisk tidsskrift (1938-1948)
	Eastern Buddhist (1921-1939 [publication suspended until 1949])
	Ecumenical Review (1948-1949)
	Estudios bíblicos (1941-1948)
	Evangelical Quarterly (1929-1948)
	Evangelische Theologie (1934-1949)
	Hebrew Union College Annual (1919, 1924-1948)
	Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology (1947-1948)
	Islam, Der (1910-1939)
	Journal of Bible and Religion, The (1937-1948)
	Journal of Biblical Literature (1881-1948)
	Journal of Pastoral Care (1947-1948)
	Journal of Religious Thought (1943-1948)
	Journal of the National Association of Biblical Instructors (1933-1936)
	Mélanges de science religieuse (1944-1948)
	Mennonite Life (1946-1948)
	Mennonite Quarterly Review (1927-1932, 1935-1939);
	Nederlands theologisch tijdschrift (1946-1948)
	Orate Fratres (1926-1948)
	Orientalia christiana periodica (1935-1948)
	Palestine Exploration Quarterly (1937-1948)
	Reformed Theological Review (1942-1948)
	Revue des études byzantines (1943-1948)
	Revue des sciences religieuses (1921-1940)
	Scottish Journal of Theology (1948)
	Studia Missionalia (1943-1948)
	Studia Theologica: Scandinavian Journal of Theology (1947-1948)
	Theological Studies (1940-1949)
	Theologische Zeitschrift (1945-1948)
	Theology Today (1944-1949)
	Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review (1939-1948)
	Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought, and Religion (1943-1948)
	Union Seminary Quarterly Review (1945-1948)
	Unitarian Universalist Christian (1946-1948 [some issues are missing])
	Vigiliae Christianae: A Review of Early Christian Life and Language (1947-1948)
	Westminster Theological Journal (1938-1948)
	Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte (1948)

The final tally:

40,353 RIP records created, September 2, 2002, through August 29, 2005:

	26,604 article records
	5,854 book masters
	2,253 issue records
	5,643 review records

ATLA Retrospective Indexing Project: Summary Report

Origins

For many years ATLA's member institutions and the humanities scholarly community have expressed a desire to extend ATLA's indexing coverage "backward" to pick up materials from at least the turn of the century through 1949 for the titles currently indexed. The original list:

	Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
	AME Zion Quarterly Review
	American Anthropologist
	American Presbyterians: Journal of Presbyterian History
	American Schools of Oriental Research: Bulletin
	Anglican and Episcopal History
	Anglican Theological Review
	Antonianum
	Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte
	Baptist Quarterly: Journal of the Baptist Historical Society
	Biblica
	Biblical Archaeologist
	Bibliotheca Sacra
	Biblische Zeitschrift
	Bijdragen: Tijdschrift voor Filosofie en Theologie
	British Journal of Religious Education: The Journal of the Christian Education Movement
	Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire du protestantisme français
	Catholic Biblical Quarterly
	Catholica: Vierteljahresschrift für ökumenische Theologie
	Chicago Theological Seminary Register
	Christian Century
	Church & Society
	Church History
	Churchman: A Journal of Anglican Theology
	Commentary
	Commonweal: A Review of Public Affairs, Religion, Literature, and the Arts
	Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly
	Conservative Judaism
	Covenant Quarterly
	Dansk teologisk tidsskrift
	Discipliana
	Downside Review: A Quarterly of Catholic Thought
	Drew Gateway
	Dutch Review of Church History/Nederlands archief voor kerkegeschiedenis
	Eastern Buddhist
	Ecumenical Review
	Encounter
	Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses
	Estudios bíblicos
	Estudios eclesiásticos: Revista trimestral de investigación e información teológica
	Études théologiques et religieuses
	Evangelical Quarterly
	Evangelische Theologie
	Expository Times
	Faith and Freedom: A Journal of Progressive Religion
	Foi et vie
	Gnomon: Kritische Zeitschrift für die Gesamte klassische Altertumswissenschaft
	Gregorianum
	Harvard Theological Review
	Hebrew Union College Annual
	Hervormde Teologiese Studies
	Hispania sacra
	Insights: A Journal of the Faculty of Austin Seminary
	Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology
	Irénikon: Revue des moines de Chevetogne
	Irish Theological Quarterly
	Islam, Der: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients
	Japan Christian Review
	Jewish Quarterly Review
	Journal of Biblical Literature
	Journal of Jewish Studies
	Journal of Near Eastern Studies
	Journal of Pastoral Care
	Journal of Religion
	Journal of Religious Thought
	Journal of the American Academy of Religion
	Journal of Theological Studies
	Laval théologique et philosophique
	Luther: Zeitschrift der Luther-Gesellschaft
	Lutheran Theological Seminary Bulletin
	Mélanges de science religieuse
	Mennonite Life
	Mennonite Quarterly Review
	Modern Believing
	Muslim World
	Nederlands theologisch tijdschrift
	Norsk teologisk tidsskrift
	Oriens Christianus
	Orientalia
	Orientalia christiana periodica
	Palestine Exploration Quarterly
	Princeton Seminary Bulletin
	Protestantesimo
	Recherches de science religieuse
	Reconstructionist, The
	Reformed Theological Review
	Reformed World
	Religious Education
	Review & Expositor
	Review of Books on the Book of Mormon
	Revista bíblica
	Revista española de teologia
	Revue biblique
	Revue de l'histoire des religions
	Revue de théologie et de philosophie
	Revue des études byzantines
	Revue des études juives
	Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques
	Revue des sciences religieuses
	Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
	Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses
	Scottish Journal of Theology
	Sociology of Religion
	Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal
	Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies
	Studia Missionalia
	Studia Theologica: Scandinavian Journal of Theology
	Svensk missionstidskrift
	Svensk teologisk kvartalskrift
	Syria: Revue d'art oriental et d'archéologie
	Theological Studies
	Theologische Literaturzeitung: Monatsschrift für das gesamte Gebiet der Theologie und Religionswissenschaft
	Theologische Quartalschrift
	Theologische Rundschau
	Theologische Zeitschrift
	Theology
	Theology Today
	Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review
	Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought, and Religion
	Union Seminary Quarterly Review
	Unitarian Universalist Christian
	Vigiliae Christianae: A Review of Early Christian Life and Language
	Westminster Theological Journal
	Witness
	Worship (Orate Fratres)
	Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
	Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche
	Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie
	Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
	Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft
	Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte
	Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche

Those years were especially formative for the American religious experience as well as significant for theological discussion of and response to major world events. An appeal was made to ATLA's membership for funding, and 112 institutions provided monies to support this effort. A preliminary list of some 130+ titles was drawn up based on ATLA's current title list for journals published before 1949.

Project Overview

In September of 2002, the Retrospective Indexing Project (RIP) began with a staff of two full-time indexer-analysts, and in January of 2003 another full-time indexer was hired; 2.6 full-time indexers have been supported by this grant for three years. In the course of the project, staff has fluctuated from three, the budgetary maximum, to one, and has employed five indexers in all: Todd Ferry, Benjamin Butler, Anthony Elia, Ginny Landgraf, and the undersigned. Of those five, four have gone on to become full-time ATLA Religion Database indexers. Support staff has included Heidi Arnold (acquisitions manager), Eric Knapp (acquisitions specialist), Erica Treesh (database manager for authority control), Tim Elston (database manager for products), Cameron Campbell (director of indexes), Pradeep Gamadia (director of financial services), and individuals in Information Services. The physical indexing of the journals took place at the downtown Chicago office and in the cooperating libraries in the Greater Chicago area. Library hard copy for indexing came chiefly from Joseph Regenstein Library of the University of Chicago and Jesuit-Krauss-McCormick Library, but volumes were also indexed from the collections at Disciples Divinity House of the University of Chicago, the Oriental Institute (Research Archives) of the University of Chicago, Meadville-Lombard Theological School Library (all located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago), the Norman & Helen Asher Library of Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies (downtown Chicago), the United Library (Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary and Seabury-Western Theological Seminary in Evanston), Feehan Memorial Library of the University of St. Mary of the Lake/Mundelein Seminary, and the Mennonite Library and Archives of Bethel College, North Newton, Kansas.

The project leader coordinated the tasks of the indexing staff at both locations and acted as liaison with the director of indexes, Information Services, and the cooperating libraries. The physical indexing of the journal titles took place at the Chicago ATLA office and in the cooperating libraries in the Greater Chicago area using PC laptops with network connections to the ATLA servers. Since the records created by this project were added to the ATLA Religion Database on a quarterly basis, with no print product, the workflow progressed steadily throughout the life of this project.

RIP indexing is essentially indistinguishable from that of the ATLA Religion Database. Current Index Department practice entails a two-step operation. One indexer creates a file, usually comprising a full issue of a given periodical title. The individual who created the file generates a hard-copy editrun, proofs his or her own work, and then passes the editrun on to another fully trained indexer, who in turn compares the editrun against the primary source for errors at every level of encoding, from incorrect MARC indicators to missing pagination to misspelled titles, and also assesses the appropriateness of the assigned subject headings. This second stage of proofing constitutes ATLA's fundamental form of quality assurance, an integral part of the indexing process. When the second stage of proofing is complete, the proofing indexer changes the status of the individual records from "Proofed" to "Approved." At that point, the files await final processing by Information Services. The RIP indexing of book reviews began with a limit of 200 words or more, current ATLA Religion Database practice, but was limited to reviews of 1,000 words or more in May 2003. Given the historical nature of the project, name authority work for RIP has been uniformly more stringent by design than that of the ATLA Religion Database in years past. Prior to the creation of true authority records in CuadraSTAR, the software used to create the ATLA Religion Database, RIP maintained an Excel spreadsheet name authority file until January 2005, when the creation of name authority files in STAR became possible. All records created in RIP adhere to the MARC 21 specification, the same specification followed in ATLA Religion Database indexing.

By May 2003 it became clear that the rosy expectation of fully indexing 130+ titles from 1948 back to the initial publication date was unrealistic. In conjunction with the project coordinator, director of indexes, and executive director, a reduced title list of some thirty-six journals was set as a feasible goal by third quarter 2005. The "mid-course correction" list:

	American Catholic Sociological Review (1940­1949)
	Biblical Archaeologist (1938-1948)
	Catholic Biblical Quarterly (1939-1948)
	Christian Century (1940-1948)
	Church History (1932-1948)
	Commentary (1945-1948)
	Covenant Quarterly (1941-1948)
	Eastern Buddhist (1921-1939 [publication suspended until 1949])
	Ecumenical Review (1948-1949)
	Estudios bíblicos (1941-1948)
	Hebrew Union College Annual (1919, 1924-1948)
	Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology (1947-1948)
	Journal of Bible and Religion, The (1937-1948)
	Journal of Biblical Literature (1881-1948)
	Journal of Jewish Studies (1948)
	Journal of Pastoral Care (1947-1948)
	Journal of Religious Thought (1943-1948)
	Journal of the National Association of Biblical Instructors (1933-1936)
	Mélanges de science religieuse (1944-1948)
	Nederlands theologisch tijdschrift (1946-1948)
	Orate Fratres (1926-1948)
	Reformed Theological Review (1942-1948)
	Revue des études byzantines (1943-1948)
	Scottish Journal of Theology (1948)
	Studia Missionalia (1943-1948)
	Studia Theologica: Scandinavian Journal of Theology (1947-1948)
	Theological Studies (1940-1949)
	Theologische Zeitschrift (1945-1948)
	Theology Today (1944-1949)
	Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought, and Religion (1943-1948)
	Union Seminary Quarterly Review (1945-1948)
	Unitarian Universalist Christian (1946-1948 [missing issues])
	Vigiliae Christianae: A Review of Early Christian Life and Language (1947-1948)
	Westminster Theological Journal (1938-1948)
	Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte (1948)

Upon investigation it was discovered that Journal of Jewish Studies indexing records existed in the ATLA Religion Database, so the reduced title list was effectively thirty-five in number. The second measure adopted in the interest of meeting our goal was to limit book reviews to 1,000 words or more, thus cutting down the creation of book masters, always the most time-consuming part of ATLA indexing. Apart from this title reduction, and the hiring and training of staff replacements, RIP encountered no other major changes or disruptions in the course of its three-year lifespan. The fact that some ten titles over and above the thirty-five specified by the May 2003 correction were retrospectively indexed by project end is attributable to the dedication and professionalism of the RIP staff.

The Records

In terms of RIP records produced per year of publication, peaks in the nineteenth century reflect the dates of the two periodicals that were covered for the period: Bibliotheca Sacra (1843-1855) and Journal of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis/Journal of Biblical Literature (1881-) (Graph 1). Records that precede and follow those years are book masters. The first peak in the twentieth century is due to Christian Century indexing (1919), a weekly that averaged twenty to thirty records an issue. From 1920 through 1948 a growing number of periodicals added to the stream that culminated, again, in a torrent of Christian Century records (1940-1948).

Graph 1: RIP Records by Year

In terms of record types, out of a total of 40,353 RIP records, 26,604, or almost 66%, are article records (Graph 2). The fact that book masters are slightly more numerous than reviews (5,854 versus 5,643) reflects the fact that several books were reviewed by more than one journal, and numerous "review essays" necessitated the creation of book masters but do not count as formal Index to Book Reviews in Religion reviews.

Graph 2: RIP Records by Percentage of Record Type

The languages of the records canvassed by the RIP corpus overwhelmingly favor English by nearly 82% (Graph 3). Among the 2% of languages lumped under "Other" are Danish, Hebrew, Arabic, and Russian. A comparison with ATLA Religion Database language statistics reveals that the RIP records are disproportionately English in composition (82% versus 59%, Graph 4). This skewing undoubtedly reflects the periodicals that yielded the lion's share of records: Christian Century, in excess of 15,000 records, and Journal of Biblical Literature, with more than 6,000, both of them almost exclusively English in composition.

Graph 3: RIP Records by Primary Language

Graph 4: English versus Non-English in ATLA Religion Database and RIP

Graph 5 illustrates the concentration of RIP versus ATLA Religion Database records (ATLA Religion Database records for 1818-1947 principally derive from Methodist Reviews Index and the Andover corpus). On the basis of the 1919 spike and the publication dates of the eighty-odd periodicals remaining on the original RIP list, complete retrospective indexing of Religion Index One: Periodicals titles would yield 1,500-2,500 records a year back to 1900.

Graph 5: RIP versus ATLA Religion Database Records, 1834-1948

Diversity and Representativeness

Although most titles derive from one or the other Christian tradition, Commentary, Eastern Buddhist, Hebrew Union College Annual, and Der Islam prove the exception to the rule. Catholic scholarship is well represented by American Catholic Sociological Review, Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Estudios bíblicos, Mélanges de science religieuse, Orate Fratres, Revue des sciences religieuses, Studia Missionalia, Theological Studies, and Thomist. The voice of Eastern Christianity is heard through Orientalia christiana periodica and Revue des études byzantines. Protestant denominations and Protestant orientations, unsurprisingly, dominate: Biblical Archaeologist, Christian Oracle/Christian Century, Covenant Quarterly, Dansk teologisk tidsskrift, Evangelical Quarterly, Evangelische Theologie, Interpretation, Journal of the National Association of Biblical Instructors/Journal of Bible and Religion, Journal of Biblical Literature, Mennonite Life, Mennonite Quarterly Review, Nederlands theologisch tijdschrift, Reformed Theological Review, Scottish Journal of Theology, Studia Theologica, Theologische Zeitschrift, Theology Today, Union Seminary Quarterly Review, Westminster Theological Journal, and Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte. Regarding content, several journals are devoted exclusively to the study of the Bible: Biblica, Biblical Archaeologist, Bibliotheca Sacra, Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Estudios bíblicos, Interpretation, Journal of the National Association of Biblical Instructors/Journal of Bible and Religion, Journal of Biblical Literature, and Palestine Exploration Quarterly. Missions and missiology are represented by Studia Missionalia. A run-through of the forty-seven titles indicates that theological studies and church history predominate. The cosmopolitan scope of this pool of mostly western-hemisphere journals is patent; cities of publication include New York, Chicago, Cincinnati, London, Edinburgh, Leiden, Louvain, Lille, Zoetermeer, Rome, Kyoto, Berlin, Geneva, Copenhagen, Madrid, and Carlisle, UK.

Is RIP Relevant? Full-Text Searchability versus Subject Indexing

Within the last decade, digitization initiatives offering full-text accessibility to complete runs of periodicals, coupled with sophisticated Internet-browser interfaces, have enabled academic researchers to canvass periodical literature in unprecedented historical depth. For but one example, historians of the English language have discovered that usage of many terms began years before their supposed coinage, based on information in the Oxford English Dictionary. Queries of nineteenth- and twentieth-century periodicals pull up terms like "racism," "software," and the "United Nations" in articles securely dated by publication, a marvelous new use of a research tool unforeseen by the creators of JSTOR. As full-text access to hundreds of scholarly periodicals in various academic disciplines becomes more widespread, it is likely that academic culture itself will accommodate this accession of information by pressuring publishing professionals to delve more deeply into the past of whatever it is they research. ATLA acknowledges the trend to provide the full text of academic journals through its ATLASerials initiative. At the same time, ATLASerials by design offers only full-text images of periodicals for which ATLA Religion Database indexing exists, because keyword searches of digitized journals cannot match the reliability of human subject indexing using a controlled thesaurus.

For example, PCI (Periodicals Contents Index) Full Text, published by ProQuest Information and Learning Company, would appear to provide full-text access to several of the periodicals indexed by RIP. Despite the title Periodicals Contents Index Full Text, however, only keyword searches of article titles and authors are possible. The difficulty of retrieving the information needed by academic researchers in this essentially unindexed data structure is easily demonstrated.

PCI indexing:

Title:	Confessio Hafniensis
Author:	Andersen, N. K.
Article ID:	q617-1947-010-00-000004
Journal Section(s):	AFHANDLINGER
Citation:	Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 10 (1947) 65-76
Alternative Title(s):	Theologisk tidsskrift for den danske folkekirke 1883-1937
Journal Subject:	Religion/Theology
Title:	Principper i Nutidens Ydre Mission
Author:	Christensen, Jens
Article ID:	q617-1947-010-00-000006
Journal Section(s):	AFHANDLINGER
Citation:	Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 10 (1947) 77-95
Alternative Title(s):	Theologisk tidsskrift for den danske folkekirke 1883-1937
Journal Subject:	Religion/Theology
Title:	Lidt om det synoptiske Problem og Nutidens Typepsykologi
Author:	Madsen, Iver K.
Article ID:	q617-1947-010-00-000010
Journal Section(s):	AFHANDLINGER
Citation:	Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 10 (1947) 96-107
Alternative Title(s):	Theologisk tidsskrift for den danske folkekirke 1883-1937
Journal Subject:	Religion/Theology
Title:	Hvad har Luthers laere om det åndelige og det verdslige Regimente at si os i dag?
Author:	Hauge, Reidar
Article ID:	q617-1947-010-00-000007
Journal Section(s):	AFHANDLINGER
Citation:	Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 10 (1947) 108-120
Alternative Title(s):	Theologisk tidsskrift for den danske folkekirke 1883-1937
Journal Subject:	Religion/Theology

RIP indexing:

Record:	1443592
ATLA Record Type	Issue
Strm/Stat/Cvrg	|a RIO |b Approved
LEADR	_____naa_|22_____3ur4500
001	ATLA0001443592
003	ATLA
005	20050308105341.0
008	050308s1947____xx_______________|__und_d
022	bb |a 0105-3191
040	bb |a ATLA |b eng |c ATLA
245	00 |a Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |n 10 |n no 2 1947
773	0b |w ATLA0000003275
Product Code	RDB
Product Code	RIP
Linked Ser. ID	3275
Linked Serial Ti	00 |a Dansk teologisk tidsskrift
Issue 245 data	|n 10 |n no 2 1947
Linked recs	00 |t Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |d Frederiksberg, Denmark : Forlaget Anis, 1938- |w (ATLA)ATLA0000003275 |x 0105-3191 |9 Serial |Y 2001 04 20 |Z 2004 07 30 |S RIO/Approved/Full |P RDB/RIO/ASer/RIP/Current
Record:	1443607
ATLA Record Type	Article
Strm/Stat/Cvrg	|a RIO |b Approved
LEADR	_____naa_|22_____3ur4500
001	ATLA0001443607
003	ATLA
005	20050308111827.0
008	050308s1947____xx_______________|__dan_d
040	bb |a ATLA |b eng |c ATLA
245	00 |a Confessio Hafniensis: |b et bidrag til forstaaelse af de danske reformatorers bekendelse. |n [2]
500	bb |a Second of two parts. This part deals with the question of the origins of the Copenhagen Confession's scripture principle.
600	14 |a Zwingli, Ulrich.
600	14 |a Luther, Martin |x Influence.
600	14 |a Luther, Martin |x Theology.
600	14 |a Laurentsen, Peder, |d d 1552.
630	04 |a Confessio Hafniensis, |f 1530.
630	04 |a Bible |x Authority.
650	b4 |a Bible and tradition.
650	b4 |a Law (Theology)
650	b4 |a Law and gospel.
650	b4 |a Theology, Doctrinal |y 1500-1599.
650	b4 |a Reformation |z Denmark.
700	1b |a Andersen, Niels Knud, |d 1916-1987.
773	0b |w ATLA0001443592
787	08 |i Related work: |w ATLA0001443596 |n (part 1)
Product Code	RDB
Product Code	RIP
Linked Ser. ID	1443592
Linked Serial Ti	00 |a Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |n 10 |n no 2 1947
Pagination	65-76
Record Sequence	1
Linked recs	00 |t Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |g 10 no 2 1947 |w (ATLA)ATLA0001443592 |x 0105-3191 |2 3275 |9 Issue |Y 2005 03 08 |Z 2005 03 15 |S RIO/Approved |P RDB/RIP
Linked recs	00 |t Confessio Hafniensis |g [1] |w (ATLA)ATLA0001443596 |2 1443591 |5 Andersen, Niels Knud, 1916-1987. |8 1-30 |9 Article |Y 2005 03 08 |Z 2005 03 10 |S RIO/Approved |P RDB/RIP
Record:	1443608
ATLA Record Type	Article
Strm/Stat/Cvrg	|a RIO |b Approved
LEADR	_____naa_|22_____3ur4500
001	ATLA0001443608
003	ATLA
005	20050308112724.0
008	050308s1947____xx_______________|__dan_d
040	bb |a ATLA |b eng |c ATLA
245	00 |a Principper i nutidens ydre mission
650	b4 |a Missions |x Theory.
650	b4 |a Missions |x Strategy.
650	b4 |a Missions |x Methods.
650	b4 |a Missions |x History.
650	b4 |a Missions |z Asia.
650	b4 |a Christianity and other religions.
650	b4 |a Truth (Theology)
650	b4 |a Church |x History of doctrines |y 1900-1999.
700	1b |a Christensen, Jens, |c Bp, |d 1899-1966.
773	0b |w ATLA0001443592
Product Code	RDB
Product Code	RIP
Linked Ser. ID	1443592
Linked Serial Ti	00 |a Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |n 10 |n no 2 1947
Pagination	77-95
Record Sequence	2
Linked recs	00 |t Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |g 10 no 2 1947 |w (ATLA)ATLA0001443592 |x 0105-3191 |2 3275 |9 Issue |Y 2005 03 08 |Z 2005 03 15 |S RIO/Approved |P RDB/RIP
Record:	1443612
ATLA Record Type	Article
Strm/Stat/Cvrg	|a RIO |b Approved
LEADR	_____naa_|22_____3ur4500
001	ATLA0001443612
003	ATLA
005	20050308113824.0
008	050308s1947____xx_______________|__dan_d
040	bb |a ATLA |b eng |c ATLA
245	00 |a Lidt om det synoptiske problem og nutidens  typepsykologi
500	bb |a Derived from the author's book, ^UDas synoptische Problem im Lichte der Typenpsychologie^R, which the author does not anticipate being printed because of the unfavorable economic situation, but manuscript copies of which he has deposited in the Royal Library of Denmark and the State Library of Aarhus.
630	04 |a Bible |p (NT) |p Gospels |x Criticism, Redaction.
650	b4 |a Synoptic problem.
650	b4 |a Typology (Psychology)
650	b4 |a Senses and sensation.
650	b4 |a Abstraction (Psychology)
650	b4 |a Reflection (Theology)
650	b4 |a Subjectivity.
650	b4 |a Objectivity.
650	b4 |a Psychological hermeneutics.
700	1b |a Madsen, Iver K.
773	0b |w ATLA0001443592
Product Code	RDB
Product Code	RIP
Product Code	BIBL
Linked Ser. ID	1443592
Linked Serial Ti	00 |a Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |n 10 |n no 2 1947
Pagination	96-107
Record Sequence	3
Linked recs	00 |t Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |g 10 no 2 1947 |w (ATLA)ATLA0001443592 |x 0105-3191 |2 3275 |9 Issue |Y 2005 03 08 |Z 2005 03 15 |S RIO/Approved |P RDB/RIP
Record:	1443617
ATLA Record Type	Article
Strm/Stat/Cvrg	|a RIO |b Approved
LEADR	_____naa_|22_____3ur4500
001	ATLA0001443617
003	ATLA
005	20050308114247.0
008	050308s1947____xx_______________|__nor_d
040	bb |a ATLA |b eng |c ATLA
245	00 |a Hvad har Luthers l^Daere om det ^D@andelige og det verdslige regimente ^D@a si oss i dag?
600	14 |a Luther, Martin |x Ethics.
600	14 |a Luther, Martin |x Theology |x Law and gospel.
610	24 |a Confessing Church (Germany)
610	24 |a Norske kirke |x History.
650	b4 |a Two kingdoms doctrine.
650	b4 |a Church and state |x Lutheran churches.
650	b4 |a Politics and Christianity |x Lutheran churches.
650	b4 |a Government, Resistance to.
650	b4 |a Natural law.
650	b4 |a Political ethics.
650	b4 |a Social ethics, Christian.
700	1b |a Hauge, Reidar, |d 1903-1967.
773	0b |w ATLA0001443592
Product Code	RDB
Product Code	RIP
Linked Ser. ID	1443592
Linked Serial Ti	00 |a Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |n 10 |n no 2 1947
Pagination	108-120
Record Sequence	4
Linked recs	00 |t Dansk teologisk tidsskrift |g 10 no 2 1947 |w (ATLA)ATLA0001443592 |x 0105-3191 |2 3275 |9 Issue |Y 2005 03 08 |Z 2005 03 15 |S RIO/Approved |P RDB/RIP

Which version of Dansk teologisk tidsskrift indexing would you prefer to have in your library?

Is RIP Different? Other Retrospective Indexes

Most of the "retrospective indexing" (pre-1949) available online that is known to me consists of earlier projects that have been digitized, with little if any modification of the original sources. For instance, Humanities Index Retrospective and Reader's Guide Retrospective, two components of H. W. Wilson's International Guide to Periodicals, appear to be unretouched digitized versions of the venerable Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature (1901-). Overlap with RIP includes Christian Century (1929-), Church History (1943-), Commentary (1945-), Ecumenical Review (1948), and Journal of Biblical Literature (1923-). The indexing, done by many different hands over many years, varies greatly in precision and completeness. Older European indexes include Bibliographie der deutschen Zeitschriftenliteratur (1896-1964, which merged with Bibliographie der fremdsprachigen Zeitschriftenliteratur in 1964 to form Internationale Bibliographie der Zeitschriftenliteratur aus allen Gebieten des Wissens, 1965-), overlapping RIP with Biblica and Der Islam. Not very honorable mention goes to Paratext's 19th Century Masterfile/Poole's Plus, a digitization of Poole's Index to Periodical Literature (1802-1907), Stead's Index to Periodicals (1890-1902), and other worthy sources; the MARC coding is atrocious. RIP overlap consists of Bibliotheca Sacra (1844-) and Journal of Biblical Literature (1890-1900). A curiosity is Brill's Catalogue de l'École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem/Catalogue of the French Biblical and Archaeological School of Jerusalem on CD-ROM, an index compiled over the decades by the patient Dominican fathers of the Jerusalem École biblique. Eight Bible-titles overlap with RIP. The indexing is excellent, but the CD-ROM interface is almost unsearchable.

Among the newer indexes, RLG's Anthropology Plus overlaps with RIP indexing with a single periodical, Palestine Exploration Quarterly. The rather impressive Index Islamicus by CSA Illumina has fully indexed Moslem World/Muslim World (1911-1948) and Die Welt des Islams (1913-1948), titles on the original wished-for RIP list, but not Der Islam, which is covered by RIP.

In terms of both indexing depth and breadth, I can confidently assert that today RIP has no serious competitors among the humanities retrospective indexes.

Is RIP Timely? The Once and Future Relevance of RIP

The ATLA Religion Database, which includes RIP records, is currently being configured in order to implement the OpenURL Framework Standard (ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004). Through this technology, libraries with SFX and similar software can allow end users to retrieve the full texts of periodical articles by hyperlinks to metadata like the ATLA Religion Database or library OPACs. The rationale for such programming is patent: digitized full text looms on the horizon. The Society of Biblical Literature announced this year that the full run of the Journal of Biblical Literature will be mounted on the Internet. Google and various library consortia have recently announced prodigious plans for digitizing millions of books and journals. While not all of these grand designs will come to pass, it is evident that improvements in digitization automation, falling costs of overhead, and avid demand by a new generation of students who prefer online access (or death) to library study will eventuate in the appearance of many if not all of the forty-seven RIP titles on the Internet. The RIP records in the ATLA Religion Database, with OpenURL programming in place, will facilitate this bibliographic-record-to-full-text retrieval to an unprecedented degree, thus signally enhancing the value of the RIP data through time.

But what value does the fruit of the academic study of religion in the nineteenth and first fifty years of the twentieth century possess for the future? For a professional historian such as myself, the answer is self-evident: the convoluted path of modern religious studies is chronicled in the pages of Bibliotheca Sacra, Journal of Biblical Literature, Church History, Der Islam, and even the Christian Century, and cannot be competently investigated without recourse to these and similar sources, monographic publications notwithstanding. Der Islam 1910-1939 is a primary source for the study of German Orientalism and the cooperative relationship between German Orientalists and German East African colonial history. Christian Century 1940-1948 is a primary source for the study of American liberal Protestantism at mid-century in multivocal dialogue with domestic and international politics. The Journal of Biblical Literature and its ancestor (1881-1948) is a primary source for charting the rise of the biblical archaeology movement and American Protestant biblical historicism, or, if you will, American Orientalism. Commentary 1945-1948 is a primary source for the study of mainstream Jewish-American reactions to the Holocaust, the creation of the State of Israel, and the unleashing of the atomic bomb. The prospect for academic communities that investigate or teach religion professionally in the coming years, in the absence of efficient scholarly access to these periodicals—or the drive to seek them out—is bleak.

Respectfully Submitted,

Steven W. Holloway, RIP Project Coordinator
August 31, 2005